What Are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) — also called STDs — are infections passed through sexual contact. Many have no symptoms. The only way to know your status is to test.
Common STIs to Know
Chlamydia
Most common STI. Often no symptoms. Easily treated with antibiotics if caught early. Untreated can cause infertility. Test annually if sexually active.
Gonorrhoea
Bacterial infection. Symptoms: unusual discharge, burning when urinating. Treatable with antibiotics. Increasingly antibiotic-resistant — early treatment critical.
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Most sexually active people will get HPV at some point. Most clear on their own. Some strains cause genital warts; others can lead to cervical cancer. HPV vaccine available — ask your doctor.
Herpes (HSV-1 & HSV-2)
Very common. Causes cold sores (HSV-1) or genital sores (HSV-2). Manageable with antiviral medication. Does not define your worth or relationships.
HIV
Serious but manageable. With modern treatment (ART), people with HIV live full, healthy lives and cannot transmit the virus when undetectable. Condoms provide strong protection.
Syphilis
Bacterial infection. Treatable with penicillin if caught early. Can cause serious health problems if untreated. Sores may be painless and unnoticed.
Prevention — Your Toolkit
- Condoms — use consistently and correctly; best defence against most STIs
- Regular testing — know your status; ask partners to test too
- HPV vaccine — ideally before becoming sexually active
- Limit partners — each new partner increases exposure risk
- Avoid sharing needles/razors/toothbrushes — some STIs spread through blood
- PrEP — daily pill for high-risk individuals that prevents HIV
Where to Get Tested in Pakistan
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial — Lahore and Karachi
- Aga Khan University Hospital — Karachi, confidential STI testing
- Marie Stopes Pakistan — confidential sexual health services
- IDC (Indus Hospital) — free HIV testing
- Private labs — Chughtai Lab, Essa Lab — full STI panels available
If You Test Positive
Take a breath. Most STIs are treatable or manageable. See a doctor immediately. Tell recent partners so they can test. Do not let shame delay your treatment — your health is worth protecting.